💧 SOILPEPPER — Water Management System

4 water sources · Gravity-fed drip · 1 ha · ~300m altitude

⚙️ Water Parameters

Opens with the values from Master Plan → Water Setup. Adjust for what-if scenarios, then Update the diagram. Use "Save as defaults" to promote them into the shared design.

⚖️ Water Balance

harvest + storagedemand
Water storage (pond · pool · well · tanks)
Building
Vegetable garden
Orchard
Olive grove
Field crops
Swale (contour)
Pipe / flow
170 m³
Roof rain / year
200 m³
Irrigation pond
112 m³
Natural pool (15×5m)
958 m³
Annual demand
8,000 m³
Rain on 1ha / year
~10m
Gravity head to garden
▲ Higher ground (N)
▼ Lower ground (S)
N
↕ Swales on contour
🫧
Irrigation Pond
200 m³ · Bentonite lined
Berms planted · Swale-fed
overflow ↓
🌀
Well
⚡ solar pump → pond (drought top-up)
🏠 Building
250m² · South-facing
Roof catchment
💧
3×5000L
Rainwater
gutter
overflow → swales
🏊
Natural Pool
15m × 5m × 1.5m = 112
Biofiltered · 30% regeneration zone
plants
🥬 Zone 1 — Vegetable Garden
500m² · No-dig raised beds · Drip from pond
⬇ gravity drip (0.8 bar)
🍎 Orchard West
Apple, pear, plum, cherry
Drippers: 2-4 per tree
🍑 Orchard East
Peach, apricot, fig, pomegranate, persimmon
Drippers: 2-4 per tree · Berries on drip too
🫒 Olive Grove
25 trees · 8m × 8m spacing
Cover crops between rows · Minimal irrigation
🫐 Berry Hedgerows
🌾 Field Crops
Rotation · Dry-farmed legumes
🐝
🐔
🔄
Compost
disk filter
~100m
Slope: N (top, ~320m) → S (bottom, ~290m) · ~10% grade

📐 Swale Layout — your site

Swales
4 on contour
Grid rows
see diagram
Vertical spacing
Slope covered
~10m total drop
Length each
50–80m across plot
Dig
50cm deep × 1m wide
Berm
Downhill side of ditch
Overflow chain: swale 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → olive grove · Berm planting: fruit trees, comfrey, clover, nitrogen fixers (goumi, eleagnus).
"Vertical spacing" = the height the land drops between two swales (not the distance along the slope). On a 10% slope, every 10m walked uphill drops 1m. Your swales sit ~3m / 2m / 3m of elevation apart — each one intercepts the runoff from the band above it.

👆 Click any element for details

Hover to explore. Click for detailed specifications.

🫧 Irrigation Pond — 200

200 m³ storage~10m × 12m × 2m depthBentonite or EPDM linerLocated at highest practical point for gravity feed. Swale channel feeds rainwater from slope above. Winter refill (Oct-May, ~800mm rain) fills it completely. Solar pump from well tops up during extreme drought. Overflow spillway feeds lower swale chain.

🌀 Well (existing)

Existing boreholeBack-up for all systemsPrimary drinking water source. Solar pump can push water uphill to irrigation pond during drought. Also fills rainwater tanks when empty and tops up natural pool evaporation.

🏠 Building — 250m² roof catchment

250m² roof area170,000 L/year harvest0.85 efficiencySouth-facing roof feeds gutters → first-flush diverter → 3×5,000L rainwater tanks. Overflow from tanks pipes downhill to the swale chain. Greywater system (future) could irrigate Zone 1.

💧 Rainwater Tanks — 3× 5,000L = 15,000L

15 m³ storagePolyethyleneGravity to house + poolUsed for household, drinking water, seedling watering, pool top-up. First-flush diverter prevents pollen/dust contamination. Tanks overflow downhill to the swale chain — excess water spreads through the garden instead of being wasted.

🏊 Swimming Pool — 15m × 5m × 1.5m (112 m³)

112No chemicals30% regeneration zoneNatural swimming pool biofiltered by aquatic plants. Regeneration zone (22m²) with water lilies, yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus), reed mace, water mint. Evaporation loss ~45 m³/yr topped up by rainwater + well. Separate from irrigation — kept clean for swimming. Attracts dragonflies, frogs, pest-eating birds.

🥬 Vegetable Garden — 500m² drip irrigation

16mm drip tape30cm emitter spacing2 L/h emittersNight wateringNo-dig raised beds. Drip lines from pond via main 32mm HDPE pipe. Separate valve zone. Solar timer waters at night to minimize evaporation. Mulch reduces water need by 50%+.

🍎 Orchard West — gravity drip

2-4 drippers per tree8 L/h eachSeparate valve zoneApple, pear, plum, cherry on cooler west slope. Drip from main irrigation line. Mulch under trees retains moisture. White clover living mulch fixes nitrogen.

🍑 Orchard East — gravity drip

2-4 drippers per tree8 L/h eachPeach, apricot, fig, pomegranate, persimmon on warm east-south slope. Berry hedgerows (blackberry, aronia, elderberry) also on drip. Early bloomers higher on slope for frost drainage.

🫒 Olive Grove — minimal irrigation

25 trees8m × 8m spacingDrought-adaptedOlives need watering only in first 2-3 years and extreme drought. Cover crops (vetch, clover, fava) between rows build soil and fix nitrogen. Chestnuts on cooler north edge.

🫐 Berry Hedgerows — 200m

Blackberry, raspberry, currant, aronia, elderberry, jujube. Some on drip, some dry-farmed once established. Estimated yield: 80-120 kg/year.

🌾 Field Crops

Dry-farmed rotation: grain, chickpeas, lentils, forage for chickens. Green manure cover crops build soil. No irrigation needed once established.

🐝 Bees (2-4 hives)

South-facing, sheltered from wind. Near orchard for pollination. Yield: 20-60 kg honey/year.

🐔 Chickens (6 hens)

Water: ~2 L/day from rainwater tanks or well. Negligible water demand. Rotated through orchard and vegetable garden.

🔄 Compost (3-bin system)

Comfrey leaves as activator. Between kitchen (Zone 0) and garden (Zone 1). Second compost area at orchard edge.

🔍 Disk Filter

Essential component at pond outlet. Prevents algae and debris from clogging drip emitters. Clean monthly during irrigation season. Without it, drip lines will clog within weeks.

Water flow: Rain → roof gutters → tanks (15m³) → overflow to swale chain; slope runoff → swales + pond (200m³) → gravity drip to all growing zones
Back-up: Well → solar pump → pond top-up during drought
Pool: Separate system — rainwater + well top-up only — kept clean for swimming

📝 Swale Cross-Section — How It Works

A swale is a ditch dug ON CONTOUR. It stops rainwater running downhill and lets it soak into the soil.

🍎 ditch (50cm) berm tree on berm 🍑 ditch berm rain water flows downhill →→ contour line → ~320m ~290m ↓ soaks in ↓ soaks in 50cm ~1m wide ~7m vert.
📍 Where: On contour — following a line of equal elevation across the hill. Never going up or down.
🏗️ What you dig: A shallow ditch (~50cm deep, ~1m wide) with the excavated soil piled on the downhill side as a berm.
💧 What happens: Rain hits the slope → water runs downhill → hits the ditch → STOPS → soaks into the soil. Excess spills over the berm to the next swale below.
🌳 What grows on the berm: Fruit trees (they get the stored water), comfrey (mulch), clover (ground cover), nitrogen fixers (goumi, eleagnus).
📏 Your 4 swales: Spaced ~7m apart vertically across the ~30m slope. Each is 50-80m long running horizontally across the property.
🔄 Overflow chain: Swale 1 → overflows to swale 2 → swale 3 → swale 4 → olive grove. Each swale captures what it can, passes excess downhill.
❌ Don't: Plant trees IN the ditch (they'll drown). Dig off-contour (water will erode along the ditch). Build on slopes >20% (berm failure risk).
✅ Maintenance: Minimal. Check berms after heavy rain in year 1-2. By year 3, tree roots hold everything together. Leaf litter filling the ditch is fine — it acts as mulch.
Without swales: rain runs off the hill → erosion, dry soil.
With swales: rain stops at each swale → soaks in → soil stays moist for weeks. Trees on berms thrive.